On the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Giulio Einaudi, a conference tries to understand his historical contribution to the Italian culture of the XXth century. Giulio Einaudi created his publishing house with the help of a group of young restless intellectuals, who endured the experience of imprisonment and exile during fascist dictatorship, but also participated to the cultural institutions of the regime. In the postwar period, he promoted social dynamism in a Country suspicious of the consequences of democracy. .